ДВИ МГИМО | АВТОРСКАЯ ДЕМОВЕРСИЯ

Interpreting the emotions of others is not always as easy as it might seem, and we (1) …… as much on what they seem to be telling us, as on the (2) …… words they say. Facial (3) …… and tone of voice are some ways of showing our (4) …… to something, and it may well be that we unconsciously (5) …… views that we are trying to hide. The art of being tactful lies in (6) …… these signals, realizing what the interlocutor is trying to say, and acting so that they are not embarrassed in any way. For instance, we may understand that they are (7) …… reluctant to answer our question, and so we stop pressing them. Body movements in general may also (8) …… feelings, and interviewers often (9) …… particular attention to the way a job candidate walks into the room and behaves. However, it is not difficult to present the right kind of appearance, whereas what many employers want to understand relates to the candidate's character (10) …… and mental stability. This raises the (11) …… question of whether job candidates should be asked to take psychological tests, and the further problem of whether such tests actually produce (12) …… results. For many people, being asked to take part in such a test would be an objectionable (13) …… into their private lives. Quite (14) …… from this problem, can such tests predict whether a person is likely to be a (15) …… employee or a recognized colleague?

Sculpture, as a fine art in Ruthelia, dates back only to the 1920s. (1) …… of Ruthelia's first sculptors was a woman called Anna Mikova. Anna (2) …… born in Azhgorod in 1904, and as a child (3) …… the local elementary school. When her father (4) …… a job in Damascus, she continued her education there. Then, her family returned to Ruthelia and settled (5) …… the island of Belikstrana, where Anna completed her secondary education. Her love of art (6) …… always evident in the pictures she drew at school and at home. In 1920, before graduating (7) …… high school, she began to attend (8) …… in painting at the Academy of Fine Arts. There she made a copy of an ancient bust, and (9) …… her teacher saw it, he could not at (10) …… believe that it was Anna's own work. (11) …… studying painting for a year, she chose to study sculpture. She was the first and the only female student (12) …… three boys at the Academy. She (13) …… first in a competition, (14) …… a scholarship and went to Italy. She attended the studio of Professor Luppi at the Rome Academy of Fine Arts, and (15) …… was there that her work gained maturity. She later became assistant to Edolo di Girolamo, the Italian sculptor (16) …… designed the Gloria Monument in Zorica Square in Azhgorod. Her passion for sculpture was (17) …… strong that she earned a reputation (18) …… as well as in Ruthelia. She was a productive artist whose work (19) …… in many exhibitions. Her sculptures, (20) …… as her statues of the President and his wife, attracted widespread interest. She (21) …… to work throughout her life. Her husband, Sergei Mikov retired, (22) …… served as an ambassador for many years, and the couple moved back to the capital. After her husband's death and the marriage (23) …… her adopted daughter, Anna went (24) …… producing sculptures. (25) …… is generally agreed that this was her best period, when she produced some of her finest work, (26) …… the famous 'Hymn to Life' series of sculptures. She died on 2 October 1992 (27) …… skin cancer. It was said that at her funeral (28) …… were more than ten thousand mourners, and (29) …… one of them was (30) …… tears.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence, or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced by chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required. The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means "the bearer of light." In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later studies of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harvey concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferins and luciferases, specific to the plants and animals that produce them. Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced into the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms. Plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.